目前在工业制造业中，有色金属紫铜的消费量排名二，仅次于铝。紫铜广泛应用于建筑业、电气、机械制造等行业。紫铜具有优异的导电性和导热性、优异的塑性、易于热压和冷压加工，随着生产需求的不断提高，紫铜的用途已逐步扩大。

Currently, in the industrial manufacturing industry, the consumption of non-ferrous metal copper ranks second, second only to aluminum. Red copper is widely used in industries such as construction, electrical, and mechanical manufacturing. Red copper has excellent conductivity and thermal conductivity, excellent plasticity, and is easy to be hot pressed and cold pressed. With the continuous increase in production demand, the use of red copper has gradually expanded.

激光焊接具有能量密度高、熔化金属少、热影响区窄、焊接质量高、生产功率高等优点。可用于提高紫铜焊接的生产能力，已逐渐被越来越多的行业选用。但由于高反数据对光纤激光器的吸收率低，加工难度大，对激光光源也有更高的要求。

Laser welding has the advantages of high energy density, less molten metal, narrow heat affected zone, high welding quality, and high production power. It can be used to improve the production capacity of copper welding and has gradually been selected by more and more industries. However, due to the low absorption rate of high reflection data on fiber lasers and the high difficulty of processing, there are also higher requirements for laser light sources.

紫铜焊接容易出现以下问题：

Red copper welding is prone to the following problems:

（1） 难以混合和可变性：由于铜的导热系数较大，焊接时传热速度很快，且所有焊接部位的热影响面积也较大，因此很难将数据混合在一起；而且由于铜的线膨胀系数很大，当焊接加热时，夹具夹紧强度不当会导致数据变形。

(1) Difficulty in mixing and variability: Due to the high thermal conductivity of copper, the heat transfer speed during welding is fast, and the heat affected area of all welding parts is also large, making it difficult to mix data together; Moreover, due to the high coefficient of linear expansion of copper, improper clamping strength of the fixture during welding heating can lead to data deformation.

（2） 容易出现气孔：另一个重要的问题发生在紫铜焊接时是气孔，尤其是当深熔焊更严重时。气孔的发生主要有两种情况，一种是氢溶于铜直接引起的扩散气孔，另一种是氧化还原反应引起的反应气孔。

(2) Pores are prone to occur: Another important issue occurs during copper welding, especially when deep penetration welding is more severe. There are two main situations where pores occur, one is diffusion pores caused by hydrogen dissolution in copper, and the other is reaction pores caused by redox reactions.

紫铜对红外激光的吸收率在室温下约为5%，在熔点附近加热可达到20%左右。为了实现紫铜的激光深熔焊，需要提高激光功率密度。深熔焊时采用高功率激光对焊接接头进行振动，用激光束搅动熔池，扩大小孔，有利于气体溢出，使焊接过程更加稳定，焊后飞溅少，气孔少。

The absorption rate of red copper for infrared laser is about 5% at room temperature, and can reach about 20% when heated near the melting point. In order to achieve laser deep penetration welding of copper, it is necessary to increase the laser power density. During deep penetration welding, high-power laser is used to vibrate the welded joint. The laser beam is used to stir the molten pool and expand the small holes, which is conducive to gas leakage and makes the welding process more stable. After welding, there is less spatter and fewer pores.

焊接技能：

Welding skills:

(1) 焊接时，焊接头的角度是倾斜的，以避免对激光的长期反射损伤。

(1) When welding, the angle of the welding head is tilted to avoid long-term reflection damage to the laser.

(2) 激光器的功率必须达到铜的吸收值，以避免光线被反射。

(2) The power of the laser must reach the absorption value of copper to avoid light being reflected.

(3)  铜的吸收值可以通过小芯径能量密度比很容易达到。

(3) The absorption value of copper can be easily achieved through a small core diameter energy density ratio.

(4) 摆动焊可以提高焊接表面质量。

(4) Swing welding can improve the surface quality of welding.